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There should be a procedure for checking its resistance with a meter while heating it in water. Offhand, I can tell you that its resistance should decrease when it's heated.
Checking the coolant thermostat is also simple, as I said above. Take it out and look at it. When cold, it should be closed. Put it in a pot of water on the stove, and by the time the water is boiling, you should be able to see that it's opened. In your case, if it's causing your engine to stay too cool, you'll see that it's open at room temperature.
If I keep my 250 between 25 and 50 mph, the temperature gauge behaves about like yours. I'd hate to see you buy a new sensor, then find it doesn't change anything, so you buy the next thing, and end up replacing everything and find out it was all working properly.
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