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When you've got the side cover off, remove the Starter Motor Idle Gear and test to see if the Starter Motor is turning in the correct direction (counter clockwise) when the button is pushed.
That's where I'd start. If the Starter Motor turns backwards (clockwise) you've got wiring to work on. If the Starter Motor turns in the correct direction when the button is pressed, WTF, I can't even imagine how somebody could install the Starter Motor Clutch backwards, I wouldn't think it was possible to reassemble it that way.
And just to make sure we're thinking correctly about how the Starter Motor Clutch is supposed to work: The Maintenance Manual Inspection instructions for the Starter Motor tells you to remove the Starter Motor Idle Gear, then, using your hands, try turning the Starter Motor Clutch Gear (the really big gear that sits behind the Alternator Rotor/Starter Gear combo). The Starter Motor Idle gear should turn by hand clockwise freely, but should not turn counterclockwise.
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