Yeah, with a shunt regulator, if you connect a voltage source that's at a higher potential than the setpoint of the regulator, the regulator would turn on and try to conduct everything to ground, including that voltage source. If the source is has a high current capability like a car's charging system does, the bike's regulator could fail from overcurrent. Once the regulator fails, the voltage could climb and blow bulbs.
See what your bike's battery voltage is with the engine running and revved a little. If it climbs over about 15 volts, you regulator is probably blown.
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